The article analyzes the main directions of sustainable tourism development as a driver of service economy growth at the state and regional levels. Despite the obvious successes, tourism occupies an unreasonably modest place in Kazakhstan's GDP, which initiates a search for ways to activate its potential, especially in the regions. One of the promising types of sustainable tourism is gastronomic, which has a multiplicative effect in the economy of agricultural regions, such as the North Kazakhstan region. Using a traditional set of scientific methods, the factors of the development of gastronomic tourism have been identified, growth points have been identified based on the preferences of potential acceptors of the tourist product.

This scientific article examines the process of obtaining lanolin from sheep's wool and its subsequent use in cosmetics. The article describes the methods of extraction of lanolin, its chemical composition and physical properties, discusses various ways of using lanolin as an ingredient in cosmetic products, including its moisturizing and protective properties for the skin. This article provides important information about the prospects for the use of lanolin in the cosmetics industry, emphasizes its importance as a natural and effective component in cosmetic formulas.

This article presents the potential of third-generation sequencing (TGS) technologies to support biodiversity conservation efforts in Kazakhstan. We focus on two emblematic species - Pusa caspica (Caspian seal) and Tulipa greigii - that are both under conservation threat and lack comprehensive genomic resources. This mini-review highlights the transformative role of third-generation sequencing (TGS) in biodiversity conservation, using Kazakhstan as a case study. We do not aim to systematically compare sequencing technologies or exhaustively catalog all available genomic data. Rather, we discuss how high quality gapless reference genomes produced using TGS platforms such as PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore represent an effective tool for species conservation efforts providing valuable information for the assessment of population genomic health, and for the identification of genes linked to adaptation and disease resistance. Finally, we suggest expanding this approach to include additional species of national importance, such as the saiga antelope, the Tazy and Tobet dogs, and the pink flamingo, as part of a national genomic biodiversity initiative.

This paper examines the flowering characteristics of leguminous plants (Fabaceae) distributed in the North Kazakhstan region. Legumes represent one of the most important groups of the regional flora, playing a key role both in natural ecosystems and in agriculture. The study of their phenological traits is essential for assessing biological productivity, adaptive capacities, and resilience to climate change.

Field observations revealed that the duration and intensity of flowering varied depending on weather conditions, morphological traits, and species-specific differences. The main ecological determinants were air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture. Flowering occurred more rapidly and synchronously under warm and dry conditions, while cloudy and rainy periods prolonged and slowed down the process.

A comparative analysis of cultivated and wild species was also conducted. Early-maturing species showed shorter but simultaneous flowering, whereas late-maturing forms were characterized by prolonged and more uniform flowering. The peak of mass flowering was recorded in June-July, coinciding with the most favorable vegetative period.

The results highlight the high ecological plasticity of Fabaceae representatives, their ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions, and their significance for maintaining regional biodiversity. These findings may be applied in grassland management, forage production, and agricultural planning.

This article presents the results of a study of the grey poplar - brome - lily-of-the-valley plant community (Populus canescens, Bromopsis inermis, Convallaria majalis) within the territory of the “Dubrava” nature reserve. To describe the flora of the phytocenosis, its vertical structure and species diversity were examined, along with an analysis of taxonomic groups, life forms, ecological groups based on moisture preferences, phytocenotic groups, and geographical origin. During the study, seven species of rare plants were identified, three of which are listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. The results of the study can be used for further study of the serotonin communities of the «Dubrava» nature reserve, as well as for educational purposes and in the development of environmental protection measures.

The analysis of qualitative and quantitative palynological characteristics in the conditions of anthropogenically changed landscapes of Donbass is given for the indicator species: Erigeron canadensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh.) Dunal and Achillea millefolium L. It is established that in the gradient of increasing transforming load, geochemical indicators change, and in the aspect of male gametophyte, significant structural and functional rearrangements occur - this is considered as an indicator property of plants and a response to factors of neo-specific stress caused by the high level of militarization in the Donetsk region. The characteristics of sculpture and ornamentation of the surface of a mature pollen grain, the intensity of coloring and the integrity of the exine have high diagnostic information content of the polemostress factor. The selected plant species have different survival strategies in unfavourable conditions of geochemical and geophysical contrast: from high explerence to integumentary of the disturbed soil horizon.

The study implemented an integrated approach to organizing continuous professional development. This approach involves making changes to the structure of the educational process, the content of professional practice, the system of advanced training, as well as the activation of forms of digital self-education and self-development of teachers. Key criteria for assessing the level of readiness of teachers for continuous professional development through digital educational resources were developed and clarified: cognitive, operational-activity, motivational-value and communication-organizational. Each of the criteria reflects a separate aspect of digital pedagogical activity and makes it possible to assess both the formation of digital competencies and personal and professional readiness for their application. Positive changes were recorded in the development levels of all components of professional training of teachers: the share of participants with high indicators of digital competence increased, motivation for self-development intensified, reflexive involvement in professional activities elevated, communication and organizational qualities expanded. The ideas, conclusions and guidelines presented in the study are focused on practical application in the system of professional development of teaching staff.

This article reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of teaching swimming to university students, the importance of this sport for the formation of students' personal qualities, a healthy lifestyle, and the development of physical personality traits. Practical exercises of innovative technologies for teaching swimming to students are presented.

The conducted research made it possible to differentiate students by their ability/inability to swim and select exercises for each group of students to teach swimming to students who cannot swim and improve the physical qualities of students who can swim.

This article examines the importance of the use of zoological names in the educational process of the Kazakh language and literature and their impact on the development of students' language skills. Various methods and ways of introducing zoological names into the educational process and ways of innovative learning are discussed. Emphasizes the need to instill in students a love of nature, to increase their interest in the world through the recognition of various inhabitants of nature. In addition, by effectively teaching zoological names, students' skills in expanding language richness, vocabulary and the correct use of scientific terms can be developed.

As innovative approaches, the use of information technologies, teaching zoological names through interactive methods and various multimedia means is proposed.

The article offers new solutions in the modern education system, justifying the need to improve the ways of teaching zoological names in the lessons of the Kazakh language and literature

This article examines the problems related to the willingness of physical education specialists to work in inclusive education, the implementation of adaptive physical culture, and building an individual educational route for children with special educational needs.

There is a contradiction between the educational system in the need for qualified specialists in adaptive physical culture and the lack of specialized training for this field of activity among graduates of pedagogical specialties.

The survey of physical education teachers made it possible to identify a number of problems and identify solutions. The author of the article offers methodological recommendations for the implementation of adaptive physical education in secondary schools.

A virtual 3D tour is a modern information and communication technology aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the educational process by creating a sense of presence and engagement among students. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using virtual tours in the process of teaching English in a general education school. The novelty of the research lies in the theoretical justification of the pedagogical appropriateness of using 3D tours in foreign language lessons, the implementation of an experimental study, and the development and testing of an original 3D tour of the local history museum exhibition in the city of Petropavlovsk.

The article examines techniques for developing constructive thinking in middle school learners through the "Collaborative Learning" method in geometry lessons.

The effectiveness of the "Collaborative Learning" method, based on group interaction among learners, is described and experimentally tested. During the study, the formula for the area of a trapezoid was used to compare two teaching methods: the traditional approach and "Collaborative Learning". The experimental results showed that learners working in groups demonstrated a deeper understanding of the topic and better development of constructive thinking. Key factors influencing the effectiveness of group work were identified, including motivation and the proper distribution of learners into groups. The collected data confirm the importance of active interaction both among learners and between learners and the teacher, as it enhances engagement in the learning process and positively affects the assimilation of educational material.

This article is devoted to the issue of teaching students - future teachers of mathematics the topic "Interval Method". The interval method is a universal method for solving various types of inequalities and their systems. The article identifies the problem of low efficiency in solving inequalities of various types by the interval method by first-year students when studying the discipline "Elementary Mathematics" and suggests ways to solve this problem.

This article examines the socio-economic situation of the North Kazakhstan region in the 20-30s of the twentieth century. The purpose of the study: the reconstruction processes during the period of the new economic policy, forced collectivization, famine, industrialization and changes in the social structure are considered. Based on historical data and archival materials, the living conditions and features of the socio-political life of the region's population are analyzed. As we delve into history, we learn about many things by comparing our past and present. The events of the early twentieth century, which led to great changes and upheavals in the history of the peoples of the former Russian Empire, left an indelible mark on the history of the Kazakh people. The works aimed at studying the formation of the borders of Kazakhstan in this period are generally the works of scientists from the era of the Soviet Union, the modern republics of Kazakhstan and the CIS and abroad.

The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of religious and cultural tourism in Turkestan. The heritage of the ancient city of Turkestan attracts pilgrims and tourists from all over the world. Examining current trends in the tourism industry, there is a growing interest in domestic tourism, with a particular focus on pilgrimage and religious tourism. The establishment of the Turkestan Region and its capital city, Turkestan, has had a significant impact on infrastructure development, but there are barriers that hinder the full potential of the region. Considering the strategic directions in which Turkestan can strengthen its position in the international arena, the author suggests focusing on the development of new tourist routes, the integration of modern technologies in the management of tourist flows, and the preservation of historical heritage, particularly the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. With a comprehensive approach and government investments, Turkestan has the potential to become one of the leading tourism centers in Central Asia.

Zabaikalsky highlander is a spring-type, medium- to late-maturing forage crop that develops with a long daylight. It takes 1300°C to complete the "regrowth - full ripeness of seeds" period. From active (above +10°C) temperatures.

The plant is long-lived, it takes root intensively in the first year of life, and the mass of roots increases significantly with the age of the plants.

In the hill-plain steppe of the Akmola region, the mass of roots in the arable layer of 20-40 cm of the total weight of plants in the first year of life was 2.6%, in the second year of plant life it increased to 32.3% and in the third year - to 34.5%. For three years of life, the root system of the Zabaikalsky mountaineer evenly covers the soil profile up to 40-50 cm.

Mass regrowth of shoots begins after a steady transition of air temperature through+10°C from the buds of renewal. The growth and development of shoots varies from 3-5 pieces in plants of the second year of life and depends on the age of the plants; on the initial set density of standing and the method of sowing; on the water and food regime of each particular year.

In the green mass formed during the stalking period, foliage is 59% the highest. An intensive increase in green mass was noted during budding and flowering - 92.4 c/ha. The increase per day is 2.16%.

In the conditions of the hill-plain steppe, the growing season from regrowth to full ripeness of seeds was 120-131 days. The seeds ripen within 65-80 days.

Potato remains one of the strategically important agricultural crops contributing significantly to the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, the lack of a nationwide system for the large-scale production of virus-free seed material limits yield potential, resistance to phytopathogens, and the competitiveness of domestic potato production. This article provides an overview of modern biotechnological approaches to potato sanitation, including apical meristem culture, in vitro microclonal propagation, thermotherapy, molecular diagnostics, and marker-assisted selection. The study examines regional practices implemented in Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and China. Particular attention is given to successful projects conducted by local universities and agroenterprises in Kazakhstan. A comparative table is presented to assess the effectiveness of various virus-elimination methods. The paper also outlines prospects for the development of a national virus-free seed production system, with emphasis on leveraging the scientific and innovative capacity of the agricultural sector.

The article presents a review and comparative analysis of modern pre-start heating systems for internal combustion engines, which are highly relevant for operation in the harsh climate of the northern regions of Kazakhstan. Cold starts are accompanied by increased wear of the cylinder-piston group, higher fuel consumption, and greater emissions of pollutants, as confirmed by experimental studies. An additional factor that has intensified the problem is the restriction introduced in 2025, which limits engine idling for warming up to five minutes, thereby requiring alternative technical solutions. The study systematizes three main classes of preheaters: electric, autonomous fuel-based, and combined intelligent systems. For each type, the design features, operating principle, advantages, and disadvantages are considered. It is shown that electric systems are simple and inexpensive but depend on the availability of external power; autonomous heaters ensure rapid engine start and independence but require additional costs; combined solutions provide high efficiency and intelligent control, yet remain costly. A comparative analysis based on efficiency, energy consumption, environmental impact, and ease of operation demonstrates that autonomous fuel-based systems are the most reliable under extreme cold conditions, while the most promising direction for development lies in intelligent and combined systems that integrate renewable energy sources and the concept of the “smart city.”

The article examines the role of aesthetic education in the formation of a creatively active personality, emphasizes the importance of an aesthetic environment in educational institutions, especially for future specialists in the field of design. The principles of organizing a modern student environment are analyzed as an important factor influencing the educational process, motivation, creative development and general well-being of students. The paper provides examples of the implementation of aesthetically and functionally thought-out educational spaces in various countries, including schools and university campuses. Particular attention is paid to the campus project of the North Kazakhstan University named after M. Kozybayev, focused on the integration of the natural and digital environment, sustainable development and compliance with international standards. The importance of a harmonious combination of architecture, technology and nature in the formation of a comfortable and inspiring student environment that contributes to the comprehensive development of the individual is emphasized.

This article analyzes the root causes of key cybersecurity breaches in Kazakhstan from 2017 through 2025. Focusing on the DamuMed health-data breach (2019), the Kaspi.kz banking outage (2020), the Zaimer.kz microfinance leak (2024), and the compilation leak of 16 million records (2025), I examine technical vulnerabilities, human factors, legal weaknesses, and infrastructural gaps that enabled these incidents. I synthesize findings from official reports, news accounts, and expert commentary, and compare them with international examples such as the 2015 U.S. OPM breach, GDPR enforcement in Europe, and UK incidents (e.g. NHS and retailer attacks). My analysis reveals common causes: poor system security (outdated software, lack of encryption or multi-factor authentication), insider misuse or error, weak regulatory enforcement, and insufficient cybereducation. I discuss how Kazakhstan’s rapid digitalization, while building strong legal frameworks (Cyber Shield strategy), has outpaced investments in security and awareness. Recommendations include strengthening regulation and enforcement (e.g. creating a data protection authority), adopting technical standards (encryption, MFA, regular audits), establishing independent supervisory bodies, expanding cybersecurity education and training, deploying AI-driven monitoring, enhancing organizational accountability (through fines and audits), and deepening international cooperation under frameworks like the Budapest Convention. These measures, grounded in evidence and aligned with best practices (NIST, ENISA, UNESCO), aim to prevent future breaches. The study’s novelty lies in an author-developed, four-factor framework applied across domestic cases to enable structured, crosscountry comparison.

The article is devoted to the development and application of an algorithm for analyzing graphomotor writing trajectories in digital educational systems using the Catmull-Rom spline. The problem of improving the accuracy and stability of processing user input received from touch devices (stylus or finger) in the context of digital writing learning is considered. The proposed method includes the stages of coordinate data collection, normalization, noise filtering, and trajectory smoothing. The Catmull-Roma spline is used to ensure the continuity of curves and preserve key motion features, which increases the accuracy of comparison with reference patterns.

The paper presents a computational algorithm that implements an automatic assessment of the quality of letter writing based on a number of parameters: curvature, angular deviations, speed stability and the number of strokes. The algorithm is integrated into a digital diagnostic system capable of generating detailed reports, identifying common errors, and offering personalized tasks. The developed solution can be used in intelligent learning platforms, biometric authentication systems, neuropsychological diagnostics and computer forensics.

The proposed approach demonstrates high adaptability to various input scenarios and provides the basis for building more complex machine learning systems focused on recognizing, analyzing, and generating handwritten text.

The article investigates the phenomenon of mathematical singularity in the context of swarm intelligence and its application to the construction of adaptive educational trajectories. Using the example of the ant colony movement model (Ant Colony Optimisation), it is demonstrated how local interactions between agents lead to globally optimal solutions, overcoming the limitations of individual behaviour. An analogy between finding the shortest path in nature and choosing a personalised learning trajectory is analysed. The technological and ethical aspects of introducing swarm algorithms into educational systems are discussed, as well as the prospects of creating self-organising platforms capable of adapting to learners' needs. The article emphasises that singularity in swarm systems opens the way to the creation of smart educational environments where trajectories are not shaped from the top down, but through the interaction of learners, data and adaptive algorithms

The article is dedicated to the pressing issue of overcoming the limitations of traditional monolithic Information-Educational Systems (IES). The research aims to develop and substantiate a comprehensive conceptual model for a next-generation IES architecture capable of meeting the challenges of modern digital pedagogy. The methodology involved systems analysis, a comparative analysis of EdTech standards, and modeling methods. The main result is a proposed multi-layered architecture based on the principles of microservices, cloud technologies, and the Zero Trust concept. The model provides a detailed description of the interaction between functional layers, including access channels based on micro-frontends, an API gateway, a set of independent services, and a data and analytics layer. Special attention is given to system integration based on modern open standards (LTI Advantage, xAPI, Caliper Analytics, Open Badges). It is concluded that the proposed approach enables the creation of flexible, scalable, and secure digital educational ecosystems, forming a technological foundation for implementing learning analytics and personalization based on artificial intelligence.

This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of intonation patterns in English, Russian and Kazakh languages. The importance of intonation as a means of expressing emotional state, communicative intention and organisation of speech act is emphasized. The characteristics of intonation contours, their classification and role in each of the languages under consideration are analysed. Special attention is paid to the problems arising in intercultural communication due to differences in intonation patterns. The results of the study make it possible to highlight universal and specific features of intonation systems due to linguistic and cultural factors, which can be useful for language learners and specialists in the field of intercultural communication.

The article presents a comparative analysis of plot parallels in Victor Hugo’s “Notre-Dame de Paris” and Gaston Leroux’s “The Phantom of the Opera”. The study examines the main characters, themes of loneliness, love, and revenge, as well as the symbolism of architectural spaces. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the plot parallels between these novels, with a focus on the similarities in the characters, themes, and symbolism. The analysis highlights similarities and differences in the authors’ approaches to depicting outcasts in different historical periods and literary genres. Special attention is given to architectural spaces as metaphors for the characters’ inner worlds and to symbolic elements that intensify the dramatic nature of their stories.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the chronotope in Toshikazu Kawaguchi’s novel “Before the coffee gets cold”. The study draws on the theoretical works of M. Bakhtin, G. Shpet, P. Ricreur, and Yu. Lotman. Particular attention is given to the depiction of the enclosed space of the cafe and time as a philosophical category. Relying on the ideas of M. Bakhtin, Yu. Lotman, and P. Ricreur, the research explores how the artistic chronotope becomes a foundation for reflecting on the past, the freedom of choice, and the inevitability of consequences. The study employs structural and interpretative analysis. As a result, it identifies the specific features of the chronotope that shape the ideological and artistic content of the novel.