We conducted a route observation of growing green space in the city of Nur-Sultan in the spring and summer periods (2019 2020), studied the spread of bacterial cancer among tree plantings. Depending on the incidence rate of the trees studied, we divided them into three groups: healthy, weakened, and severely weakened. Among the diseased trees were birch (Betula Pendula) and aspen (Populus tremula). Morphological changes in the outer shell of the trunk and in the internal structure of the trunk with developed disease were studied. The study of internal changes in the trunk is based on the study of cores obtained using Hagloff drills.

The article presents the results of a research of the combined effect of cadmium and epibrassinolide on the germination and growth parameters of two types of wormwood: Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. The research was carried out under laboratory conditions. As a source of cadmium, a salt – cadmium chloride – was used in concentrations from 0.01 mMol to 0.5 mMol, and source of epibrassinolide – the preparation Epin-Extra. As a result of research, a decrease in the positive effect of epibrassinolide on the germination of wormwood seeds was revealed with an increase in the cadmium dose from 0.01 to 0.5 mMol. Differences in the effect of epibrassinolide on seed germination in A. absinthium L. and A. vulgaris L. at different Cd doses were shown. There was no positive protective effect of epibrassinolide on the growth parameters of seedlings of both types of wormwood. It is assumed that A. vulgaris L. is more resistant to Cd toxicity than A. absinthium L.

The data of the study of the spatially oriented dependence of the occurrence of birds in the city of Petropavlovsk on seasonal, climatic and trophic conditions for the summer period of 2020 are presented. Birds are considered representatives of any ecosystem and form the distinctive features of the biocenosis. In an urban landscape, birds are even more significant because they are a prominent component of the vertebrates that define and shape the urban ecosystem. The analysis of the spatio-temporal structure of the bird population in different biotopes of the city is given, namely, the characteristics of three registration sites are given for all the parameters necessary for the study. The studied routes are laid taking into account the display of the conditions of existence necessary for the habitation of birds. The data obtained according to the results of the study showed an adaptive orientation in the formation of the bird community in the urban environment. The article presents the materials of the population structure and the zoogeographic characteristics of the birds of the city of Petropavlovsk for the period from 06/01/2020 to 08/31/2020.

The article considers the features of hematological indicators in 1st-year students, depending on the conditions and climatic and geographical features of their residence. The blood system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis to constantly changing environmental conditions and is one of the first to be involved in the adaptation process. Data analysis showed that there are inter-group and gender differences. Depending on the place of previous residence, there are no significant differences in the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells between young men.hemoglobin Indicators in both girls and boys correspond to the standard values. The content of all these blood elements is within the physiological norm. The speed of adaptation to change of residence among students has gender differences: in girls, the restructuring of the blood system occurs faster, which was manifested in the absence of significant differences between the majority of the studied indicators in female students. Students of the Northern region showed an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin. There are no significant differences between urban and rural boys in terms of the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, while among girls this parameter is higher in urban girls. The obtained materials expand the understanding of the influence of a complex of morphofunctional, hematological, and biochemical characteristics on the process of students ' adaptation to higher education.

Aquatic invertebrates, in addition to being an object of food for a number of organisms, also act as indicators of the environment. Studies of the zooplankton of the oxbow lakes of the Vishnevskaya Kyzylzhar region made it possible to establish their species composition, as well as quantitative indicators and peculiarities of distribution in the reservoir, depending on the habitat conditions. It was found that the species composition does not differ in diversity. During the research season, only 13 species were found. Moreover, for observation stations, the indicators differed significantly. On the first of them the presence of 6 species was established, on the second - 9 and on the third - 12. The most common species for this reservoir is Polyphemus pediculus, with 37% indicator. Species such as Acanthocyclops viridis - 33.3% and Simocephalus vetulus - 22.2% are quite common. The study of the species composition of zooplankton in the seasonal aspect showed the poverty of the spring and the richness of the summer-autumn zooplankton. In particular, only 2 species were recorded in May, 7 in July, and 9 in September. When analyzing the quantitative indicators of zooplankton for the entire growing season, two peaks of abundance are traced, the first in mid-June with a number of 40,073 ind./m3, and a biomass of 9.867 g / m3. In mid-September, the second peak of abundance is observed, at which the amount of zooplankton is 1680 ind./m3, with a biomass of 3.85 g / m3.
The results of the study showed that Vishnevskaya oxbow belongs to the above average water bodies.

The work is devoted to the study of the species composition of zooplankton of Lake Lebyazhye as the main indicator of the assessment of feed stocks of fish. Related studies were conducted to determine the area of the reservoir, its depth, the nature and power of silt deposits, and the intensity of growth of hard and soft aquatic plants. The selection and study of materials on the species, quantitative and qualitative composition of zooplankton was carried out using the Apstein Network, a hydrobiological grid. During the study, 33 samples of zooplankton were taken.From each sample, the drug was prepared in a substance glass, and then the species composition of zooplankton was established under a microscope. Identification of the species composition of hydrobionts was carried out in the laboratory using a microscope and detectors for studying aquatic fauna. During the study , 12 species of zooplankton were identified in the lake: Cloadocare-67%, Copedoda -25% and Rotatoria-8%. Zooplankton includes 11 species (Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Ceriodaphnia megops, Ceriodaphnia affinis, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia longispina, Daphnia galeata, Simocephalus vetulus, Bosmina longirostris, Asplanchna herricki, Eudiaptomus graciloides, Eudiaptomus gracilis) and Mesocyclops oithonoides includes 1 predatory species that feed on infusoria, plankton crustaceans and small rotifers. The dominant species is Daphnia galeata and, to some extent, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. The studied quantitative indicators (ECZ/M3) and biomass (g/m3) indicate the feeding capacity of Lake Lebyazhye, since the minimum number and biomass of zooplankton for three seasons was from 13 ECZ/m3 to 53 ECZ/m3, the biomass was no more than 0.067 g/m3. This determines the low probability of using the reservoir in fishing activities. In the process of studying the seasonal dynamics of the number and biomass of plankton, it is noted that in spring and autumn it has a small species composition and diversity in summer.

Motor impairment not only adversely affects the functional state and health of the growing organism, but also significantly affects the body: it is a kind of "trigger", provoking the development of other disorders, which in turn enhance the effect of hypokinesia. Muscular activity is the main condition for the normal development of a child. One of the most important, vital conditions for the formation of a healthy organism is the provision of complete, sufficient in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators of physical activity during the growth and development of the organism. The strategic aim of educational institutions should be creation of environment that contributes to physical and moral recovery, maintaining the level of existing health, strengthening it, developing healthy lifestyle skills, raising a health culture that neutralizes and reduces the stress resistance of the body.

Genotoxicity is usually called the ability of a factor to cause damage to the genetic material of a cell, providing a mutagenic or carcinogenic effect. One of the most common methods for diagnosing genotoxicity is the micronucleus test. Chemical and physical factors of the environment can induce the appearance of a micronucleus at different stages of the cell's life cycle. Usually, a micronucleus is a rounded structure located at the periphery of the cell, and is stained in the color of chromatin. It is known that most often micronuclei are formed from chromosomes that do not disperse in time to the poles of the cell (acentric or dicentric). Nondisjunction can be caused by a defect in the division spindle, damage to the chromosomes themselves, extrusion of chromatin, or cell death. The appearance of a micronucleus in a cell can have both clastogenic and aneugene effects. Genotoxic factors of a chemical nature, possessing nucleophilic properties, bind to a DNA molecule and contribute to the damage to its native structure, which leads to mutations of genes, in particular, those responsible for the formation of tubulin filaments or centromeric proteins. Physical genotoxicants contribute to the appearance of single- and doublestranded breaks in the DNA molecule, disruption of repair processes. Thus, the action of various genotoxic environmental factors increases the likelihood of the appearance of such a structure as a micronucleus in the cell.

The aim of the study was to study and evaluate the effect of a sublethal dose of gamma radiation (6 Gy) on the parameters of lipoperoxidation in immunocompetent organs and cells against the background of immobilization stress. The study was conducted on 40 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups: group I-intact; group II — exposed to immobilization stress after 25 hours; group III - exposed to gamma radiation; and group IV - exposed to combined exposure (immobilization stress and gamma radiation). To reproduce emotional stress, experimental animals were kept in a special device, where the animals were motionless for 6 hours, under bright lights. They were removed from the experiment 25 hours after stress, by decapitation on the background of light ether anesthesia. Animals of groups III and IV were irradiated on the TERAGAM Сo60 radiotherapy unit ("ISOTREND spol. s.r.o.", Czech Republic) once, 6 Gy. Before irradiation was carried out topographic and dosimetry preparation of experimental animals to irradiation: an object placed on the table isocentric therapy x-ray simulator "Tigah" (Czech Republic), which designs and parameters corresponds to the therapeutic table of gamma irradiator. Ionizing radiation combined with immobilization stress has a more pronounced effect than with separate action. The combined effects of immobilization stress and ionizing radiation led to an increase in the level of DC and MDA, which lead to the development of double oxidative stress in the studied objects.

The population is increasingly getting cats (Felis silvestris catus) as companion pets. The popularity of cats has almost doubled in recent years. About 200 breeds have been bred. Cats are pets, participants in various exhibitions and competitions. However, it is quite common for cats to have health problems. Cats are affected by non-communicable diseases, in which the condition of the animal will worsen, as well as communicable diseases, while many diseases pose a danger to the person himself (anthropozoonoses). An analysis of the incidence of Felis silvestris catus kept at home was carried out with respect to the identified list of disease groups for the period 2017-2019. The largest share (54% of the total number of calls) are communicable diseases, the share of non-communicable diseases is 41.7%, the rest is preventive treatments (4.3%). Non-communicable diseases can be congenital and acquired, as well as internal and external. Among noncommunicable diseases of cats in terms of frequency of occurrence, the most common diseases are various injuries (19% of the total number of visits), in second place are diseases of the excretory system (17.3%) and diseases are of the digestive system (17.2%), in third place diseases of the respiratory system (15.6%), then diseases of the cardiovascular system (14%), diseases of the nervous system (13.6%). The share of oncological diseases of cats is 3.3%. Characteristics of age, breeds of cats for some groups of diseases are "vulnerable", often determine the severity of the disease, which is associated with the physiological, genetic characteristics of the organism. The importance of compliance with disease prevention measures (vaccinations, periodic medical examinations), a healthy pet lifestyle, proper nutrition are the main recommendations for cat owners.

Some properties and indicators of populations of 7 species from among boreal relicts growing on the territory of State National Natural Park "Burabay" (Northern Kazakhstan) - Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv., Geranium sylvaticum L., Fragaria vesca L., Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. P. C. Barton, Ramischia secunda (L.) Garcke, Pyrola rotundifolia L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. were studied. Typical habitats for relicts are given. The most favorable habitats are fresh and wet growing conditions. Most of the species studied have low abundance and population densities. Indicators of boreal relict populations can serve as the basis for monitoring the state of forest ecosystems in the region. Because of its rich chemical composition, the plants, which we studied, such as F. vesca, C. umbellata, R. secunda, P. rotundifolia, V. vitis-idaea, are used in the folk and the official medicine.

For the studying of interspecific and intraspecific helminthes interactions in snowless period of 2018 in two points of Irtysh river 88 exemplars of moor frog (69 exemplars in the outskirt of Pavlodar, 19 exemplars near Zhelezinka settlement) were caught and autopsied for helminthological exploration. The comparison of gastrointestinal helminthes quantities in situations of together and separate parasitizing the indifferent relationship between nematodes Oswaldocruzia filiformis and trematodes Opisthioglyphe ranae, and also the indifference of O.ranae to the parasites of breath organs were revealed. Lung trematodes Haplometra cylindracea were authentically arranged for the combination with intestinal trematode, but the lung nematode on the contrary avoided the combinations with O.ranae. The simultaneous presence more than 10 exemplars O.ranae in one host specimen is the threshold of intraspecific competition after which the body sizes decreasing took place. Presence of gastrointestinal nematode O.filiformis in Pavlodar outskirts led to the increasing, in Zhelezinka settlement – to decreasing of intestinal trematodes’ body si es. Lung trematode Haplometra cylindracea didn’t cause the significant exchanging of O.ranae body sizes in both studied points of flood plain. The presence of lung nematode R.bufonis led to the increasing of trematodes body sizes in both flood-plain landscapes. O.ranae on Usolka river (Pavlodar outskirts) had maximal body sizes, especially length, in the simultaneous presence of all four helminthes species, smaller length (but maximal width) – in combination with two nematodes species. Minimal O.ranae body sizes were recorded in binary combination with lung trematode H.cylindracea.

In snowless periods of 2016-2018 years in the flood-plain of Usolka river (small right-side branch of Irtysh river in the outskirt of Pavlodar) there were caught 447 exemplars of moor frog, including in 2016 – 154, in 2017 – 224, in 2018 – 69 exemplars. In Irtysh flood-plain near Zhelezinka settlement in June 2018 19 exemplars of moor frog were caught. For the studying of intraspecific interactions between nematodes Oswaldocruzia filiformis their semi-populations were grouped dependently on the parasites quantity in one host specimen.
20 helminthes exemplars is the threshold of intraspecific competition, although in several periods the oppressing took place with smaller helminthes quantity (more than 10 or 15 exemplars). Single nematodes usually had small sizes – probably in the view of oppression by the host’s organism, whereas 5-10 worm exemplars led to the dispersion of physiologic reactions of host’s organism. Oesophagus length in the most cases significantly decreased with general decreasing of linear si es that may testify to worms’ growth depression beginning from larval stages. In 2016 as males as females si es didn’t undergo the significant fluctuations with the different levels of hosts’ infection. Different threshold levels of worm quantity led to the growth depression in different years may be caused by the condition, sizes and feeding of hosts.

This article is devoted to learning about species of Lythrum genus. On this purpose we conducted taxonomic, geographic, and ecologic analysis of the plants belonging to this genus. The taxonomic analysis revealed apparently common signs of similarities in the flower according to literature sources. The geographic analysis included local observation and gathering of the species which was carried out by the authors themselves during the period from 2016 to 2019 and was also based on previously published scientific data. The ecologic analysis clarified parameters on conditions and areas of habitation of Lythrum species. The system of ecological and coenotic groups (ECG) of vascular plant species as indicators of the flora biotopes of the Pavlodar region is considered. The indicative value of the ECG system for assessing the biotopes of the Pavlodar region allows them to be used primarily as phyto-indicators of complex environmental factors or for constructing gradients of leading environmental factors.To conclude, all the data represented in this article is to offer a new perspective on Lythrum species in terms of both specific and ecosystemic biological diversity

The first governor-general of the Turkestan Territory, Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman (1818-1882), in 1868 ordered the collection and systematization of all printed materials about Turkestan and neighboring countries. Before the unification of Kazakhstan and Turkestan to Russia, there was no purposeful study of these huge national outskirts of tsarist Russia, not to mention the systematization and analysis of the available diverse literature about them.
Execution of his aforementioned order by K.P. Kaufman commissioned one of the famous Russian bibliographers, Vladimir Izmailovich Mezhov (1831-1894). This was the beginning of the compilation of a unique multivolume work – «Turkestan collection of essays and articles relating to Central Asia in general and the Turkestan region in particular» (abbreviated – «Turkestan collection»).
The total number of "Turkestan Collection" is 591 volumes. Today this work is of great scientific interest for those who are studying the past of Kazakhstan and Central Asia.

The article considers the communicative culture as a basis as a complex set of values and tools that are accepted by all members of the company. In modern society, the culture of the organization is a powerful tool that forms the strategy of the organization and allows you to focus all departments and each individual employee to achieve common goals and productive communication. Corporate culture is a system of spiritual and material values that interact with each other, reflecting the identity of a particular company and the perception of itself and other environments, it is manifested in the interaction, behavior and perception of itself and the environment of personnel management. It has unique characteristics of the organization's features, its distinctive features from all others in the industry. In modern conditions, the management of organizations is interested in flexibility and innovation in the corporate culture of the company. among all the elements of corporate culture that were highlighted earlier, the main one is values.

The article reveals some issues of the organization of military-patriotic work, through the educational process of general educational institutions and institutions with a military-patriotic focus.
The actualization of the role of military-patriotic education of the younger generation, as directly the main task, the solution of which is required for the speedy development of Kazakhstani society, is growing.
At the present stage of the development of military-patriotic education, there are certain moments of deepening the concept of patriotism in the educational process of an educational institution. In understanding the holistic formation of conviction in the need for the fundamental and practical significance of knowledge in the field of military affairs, as well as the skills and abilities necessary for impeccable, conscientious service in the ranks of the armed forces of the republic of Kazakhstan.
Among the main tools and methods used in the educational process, teachers use persuasion methods, conversations, explanations, conferences, seminars, disputes – based on the complete freedom of opinion of their participants, familiarization with public experience.
Each teacher dealing with issues of military-patriotic education personally chooses for himself what forms and methods of military-patriotic work should be in the educational process.

This article discusses the importance of learning English in non-linguistic specialties at university. The knowledge, skills and abilities of future specialists, formed in the process of teaching a foreign language at the university, are the main competence of future specialists for finding a prestigious job and moving up the career ladder in the future. Culture in society depends on the knowledge of languages. Culture upbringing is an important aspect of the educational process. Language and culture are closely related, therefore, the study of foreign languages at the university is of great importance in the process of forming the personality of students. The article also examines the formation of value orientations among students of non-linguistic specialties when teaching English at the university and describes the active methods and techniques of teaching used by teachers to achieve the goals of teaching students a foreign language. The process of teaching foreign languages is the process of forming the linguistic personality of a modern specialist and simply an educated person.

Today, the entire world community is faced with a serious pandemic problem, which in turn has become a serious challenge for education systems around the world. The author of the article tries to analyze distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, because the usual face-to-face training seems already impossible. The problem has become global, which humanity has faced for the first time. The search for alternative forms of education has become widespread. In most countries, different types of distance learning have begun to be used: broadcasting lessons through TV channels, posting video lessons on special platforms, audio broadcasting lessons by radio, via e-mail, etc. Each country tries and selects the most suitable option for it, taking into account access to the Internet, technical infrastructure, adaptation of content to distance learning, in order to make the distance learning process available to schoolchildren and students as soon as possible. In the article, author makes attempts to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in the conditions of self-isolation. The education system must learn from the current situation and take the necessary measures. It is unlikely that the world after COVID-19 will remain the same as before. Despite the complexity of the situation, the difficulties, it was possible to draw enough conclusions about what can be changed for the better in our education system. The current situation became a kind of “wake up call”, which showed the shortcomings of our system that need to be addressed urgently. In a pandemic, accelerated digitalization can be a test of strength for teachers and the entire education system.

The article provides a description of eye diseases that are most common in the city of Kyzylorda among students. The main current problems of ophthalmology are shown, data on cataracts, glaucoma, red eyes, trachoma, glaucoma, blurred vision, diabetic retinopathy and dry eye syndrome are presented. The causes of dry eye syndrome, as well as the possibility of its progression among the younger generation, have been identified. A study was carried out among students of biology, which was aimed at assessing the awareness of the prevalence and knowledge of common eye diseases among the student population in the city of Kyzylorda. The results of a questionnaire survey on eye hygiene, knowledge of common eye diseases and the main visual indicators are presented. Revealed the percentage of students' awareness and the state of eye health. In the work, modern research methods were applied. Conclusions and recommendations are provided for solving awareness problems among students on visual indicators and preventing vision loss.

The article provides an overview of the literature data on the physical and mental health of teachers in secondary schools. It has been shown that teachers suffer less from cardiovascular diseases, but they have a high likelihood of mental and psychosomatic diseases, which are the reason for early retirement. The most frequently researched problem in teachers is burnout, which is not considered a disease. Emotional exhaustion is considered a major component of burnout. Various authors highlight other accompanying components, such as cynicism, decreased productivity, depersonalization, reduction of professional achievements, etc. These symptoms are aggravated by professional experience, smoking, feelings of guilt and personal dissatisfaction. In this regard, it is necessary to diagnose depressive disorders of teachers and conduct screening in order to early identify the behavioral and emotional problems of teachers in secondary schools.

In the article the questions of organization and realization of correct organization and realization of employments are examined on HF with servicemen. Presently, as an analysis of literature showed, in practice of physical preparation contradiction reveals between the requirement of servicemen in strengthening and maintenance of health and by absence of possibility of organization and realization of HF for servicemen. In this connection authors offer the worked out complex of physical exercises on HF. Improving and maintaining the health of servicemen is one of the main tasks of physical preparation. In these conditions, the correct organization and realization of employments on HF with servicemen in need and returning them to their professional activities as soon as possible is important. However, as the analysis of the literature has shown, nowadays in the practice of physical training there is a contradiction between the requirement of servicemen in strengthening and maintenance of health and by absence of possibility of organization and realization of HF for servicemen.

A fairly significant number of scientific papers are devoted to the consideration of the problem of the formation of competence in professional communication. However, the interest of scientists in this problem does not diminish, which indicates the special importance and relevance of its solution at the present stage of modernization and development of the system of continuous pedagogical education. From Latin, "competence" is translated as a range of issues in which a person is well informed, has knowledge and experience, so a person with competence in a certain field has the appropriate knowledge and ability to reasonably judge this area and work effectively in it. At the same time, professional competence is called individual psychological education, including experience, knowledge, psychological readiness. Thus, the competence is understood as set interconnected the qualities of the personality (knowledge, abilities, skills, ways of performance of activity, experience of practical use of knowledge and abilities, characteristics of thinking, providing ability to make effective decisions, to work rationally, etc.) set in relation to a certain circle of the objects and processes and necessary, that it is qualitative and productive to work in relation to them.

The article considers the relationship between teachers and students, when the teacher acts as a “carrier” of knowledge and his active “guide” to the consciousness of students, that is, acts as a “subject of the educational process”, and students only “perceive” the offered knowledge, in fact remaining in the passive position of “objects of pedagogical influence” on the part of teachers. The new scheme is based on the fact that both teachers and students are active “subjects” of the educational process. At the same time, the teacher of psychology acts as a “subject of organi ing the educational process”, and the student - as a “subject of educational (educational and professional) activities”. But not all students are ready to be such genuine “subjects”, and many of them have to prepare for a long time to become real students. In pedagogy, the subject of educational activity is a carrier of subject-practical activity and cognition, which makes a change in other people and in himself/ herself. Human subjectivity is manifested in his vital activity, communication, self-consciousness. The formation of a student as a subject of educational activity involves teaching him the ability to plan, organize his activities, determine the educational actions necessary for successful study, the program for their implementation on a specific educational material and a clear organization of exercises on their formation.

The study was aimed at preventing the deterioration of the ecological state of the region, reducing the accumulation of plastic household waste and creating a new, cost-effective technology for introduction into production. With a low population density and a significant distance of localities from each other, the creation of large enterprises for complex waste processing is an impossible task, from a material point of view, for business and government agencies. In this regard, it is advisable to search for an inexpensive technological scheme for recycling based on small volumes of waste from the population of Kazakhstan. The resulting recycling product can later be used as a raw material in the production of synthetic fibers, textiles, packaging materials, and construction products. The analysis of the current state of the market of raw materials based on plastic waste consumption. An effective method of recycling household plastic waste for small businesses based on patent search is determined. The technological scheme for obtaining raw materials based on plastic waste consumption is justified. A technology for processing household plastic waste into products for the national economy has been developed. The research results obtained will help develop an efficient and cost-effective system for recycling plastic from local waste and contribute to the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the regions.