Siargao, which is commonly recognized as the surfing capital of the Philippines, has been chosen as one of the best holiday islands in the world by the tourism experts. Siargao, located in the southeast of the Republic of the Philippines and northeast of the island of Mindanao, is one of the most popular sea tourism destinations of the country, situated within the borders of Surigao del Norte Province.In terms of administrative management, Siargao has 9 districts and 132 barangays, as well as 48 small islands in its immediate vicinity. In this study, on the one hand, the geographical location, administrative structure and general geographical features of the island of Siargao were addressed, on the other hand, popular tourism centers, natural and cultural tourism attractions and tourism potential were investigated. Moreover, both the main tourism advantages and the main tourism disadvantages of the Siargao island were dealt with in the study. Siargao's biggest tourism advantage, despite possessing a very small area, is that it has a great recreation and tourism diversity thanks to its geographical, cultural and ecological diversity and that it has breathtaking natural beauties that are not available anywhere else in the world. The main purpose of this study is both to introduce the tourism potential and natural beauties of this small Philippine island to the readers and offer new holiday options for the inquisitive tourists.

In 2018, the World Health Organization identified 10 leading threats to human health, among which one of the leading ones is chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as cancer. Together, these diseases cause more than 70% of all deaths in the world every year. The disease type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the appearance of high blood glucose levels. With this type of diabetes, the body does not secrete enough insulin or its use is not correct. Diabetes mellitus can cause severe complications, especially vascular ones. Now it is called the "non-infectious pandemic of the XXI century", because if earlier type 2 diabetes was considered an adult disease, now there are cases of children's disease. Every year there is more and more information about diabetes, but the incidence is still growing relentlessly. Therefore, at the moment, an important task is to prevent the risks of developing diabetes mellitus: screening aimed at early diagnosis of the disease.

This article is devoted to the production of lignosulfonic acid salts by sulfite cooking. Lignosulfonates are important organic compounds that have unique surface-active properties and are widely used in various industries. The article analyzes the main stages of the preparation and separation of lignosulfonates. The possibilities of the synthesis of lignosulfonic acid salts and the potential of their use as additives in water-soluble paints and varnishes are described. The positive effect of the lignosulfonate content on the change in the surface tension of water-acrylic dispersions is shown. Based on the obtained synthesis results, the yield of sodium lignosulfonate was calculated and a technical and economic calculation of the cost of producing 10 kg of the product was performed.

The article presents the results of a study on the nesting biology of the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) in the North Kazakhstan region. The research covers the spatial distribution of nests, their structural features and parameters, as well as the oomorphic characteristics of eggs. It was shown that the nesting density decreases from the center of the colony to the periphery, which is due to competition for space and the advantages of collective protection against predators. The average nest diameter, diameter, and depth of the nest cup demonstrated moderate to high variability, reflecting adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region. Comparison of construction parameters and materials used with other parts of the range revealed significant differences caused by the ecological characteristics of the habitat. The oomorphic analysis of eggs showed variability in the length, width, and volume of eggs, which also correlates with regional conditions. Egg coloration ranged from brownish to greenish hues, providing camouflage against predators. The obtained data underscore the significance of ecological factors in shaping the nesting and reproductive characteristics of the Black-headed Gull.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the prospects of using Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in landscaping and restoration of vegetation cover in the conditions of Absheron. The issue of vegetation restoration, planting new tree species that are well adapted to the climate and will eventually become more resilient forest communities is always relevant. By taking into account the soil and climatic characteristics of the area, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. can be used as planting material for the restoration and protection of green spaces.The use of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (White-headed Mimosa), which has been studied and introduced in the conditions of Absheron, is beneficial for landscaping, agriculture, and the creation of soil-protective covers. This makes it a promising species for the region. The grown planting material is planned to be used in forest plantations, along with adjacent cities and towns, and on the outskirts of highways, rivers, and reservoirs. Leucaena leucocephala is known for its fast growth, which allows it to be planted in small areas and even in limited quantities. This makes it possible to quickly create greenery, use it as a source of additional income in private households, and regulate groundwater levels. The solution to the problem of increasing greenery productivity and replacing conventional tree species with fast-growing, economically valuable species is of great importance. The species is easily propagated by seeds and vegetatively, grows quickly, and is not picky about soil conditions. It adapts well to environmental changes and is drought-resistant.

This article focuses on examining the algoflora of the Yesil River and Lake Taldykol in the vicinity of Astana. The article analyzes the species and biomass of algae, as well as the influence of various factors on these reservoirs. The state of the ecosystems of the Yesil River and Lake Taldykol was also assessed, revealing differences in water quality parameters. Optimal PH values (7.0-7.5) and oxygen (8-10 mg/l) were recorded in the upper part of the Ischium, which indicate a good condition of the water. However, in the Central and lower parts of the river there is an increased content of nitrates and phosphates, which indicates anthropogenic pollution. Low oxygen levels (2-3 mg/l), high turbidity and low biodiversity were observed in Lake Taldykol, which indicates a significant environmental burden. The results indicate the need for measures to improve the water quality in these reservoirs. The study of the algoflora of the Ishim River and Lake Taldykol revealed differences in the species composition of algae in different regions. The shallow waters of the Ishim River are dominated by green algae such as Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus spp, in deeper regions diatoms such as Navicula spp, and Cyclotella spp. there are species. Cyanobacteria (M icrocystis aeruginosa) were found in the anthropogenic zone, indicating a high level of nutrients. In Lake Taldykol, green algae predominate on the coast, diatoms-in shallow water. Cyanobacteria were found in the recreational area and the center of the lake, indicating anthropogenic impact and blooming of the water.

In the general environmental monitoring system of Donbass, signs of indicative significance in plant structure have been identified - at the level of macromarkers Verbascum lychnitis L. in the structure of flowers and inflorescences of typical species of natural and man-made ecotopes. It has been established that with an increase in anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems, structural and functional disorders arise in plants of the natural flora, the severity of which is an indicator of unfavorable factors of influence. Such structural transformations are considered as general and special cases of pathologies (anomalies) - teratogenesis of the generative sphere, reflected at the habitual level of the entire architectonics of the plant, as well as in the structure of the parts of the flower and their mutual arrangement.

This article analyzes modem approaches to early childhood education, emphasizing the evolution from traditional methods to innovative ones. The study covers key principles, methodologies, and tools used in contemporary educational practices. It discusses both traditional approaches based on authority and strictness, and innovative methods aimed at fostering independence, creativity, and social interaction in children. Special attention is given to the potential integration of both approaches to create an effective education system that considers the individual needs and characteristics of each child, as well as the dynamics of modern society and technological changes. Thus, the article provides a comprehensive overview of modern approaches to early childhood education, enriched with comparative analysis and practical recommendations for optimizing the educational process in the contemporary world.

The content of the article is based on solving the problem of forming the growth mindset of future teachers. Such thinking, on the one hand, stimulates the processes and activities of continuous professional development, on the other hand, it is suppressed by the fixed rules of the traditional educational system. The expediency of studying the problem is related to the development of the agency of future teachers, their meta-knowledge, metaskills and meta-competencies necessary for the confident promotion of educational initiatives in the education system for a complex society. The purpose of the article is to consider the resources of pedagogical influence on students' thinking in the nonlinear educational process, which actualize their attitudes about the plasticity of thinking in the direction of expanding the boundaries of educational and cognitive activity, its integration with the activities of continuous professional development. The leading research method was the experimental approbation of growth thinking resources in the educational process. According to the results of the study, it was found that modern students are predisposed to the synthesis of fixed thinking and growth thinking, which is caused by the fundamental variability of the environment. At the same time, purposeful and consistent influence can transform students' growth thinking into a subjective style of activity in working on themselves, their personal and professional development. The theoretical significance of the results is related to the substantiation of growth thinking as a condition and factor of continuous professional development of future teachers. The practical significance is aimed at improving the effectiveness of vocational and pedagogical education through the management of students in the processes of self-education, self-regulation and self-development.

The relevance of using e-textbooks in the educational process is becoming more and more remarkable in the period of developing digital technologies. The purpose of this article is to conduct a theoretical review and analysis of the impact of e-textbooks on the effectiveness of the educational process in the study of chemistry. Our study analyzes the effectiveness of using e-textbooks in teaching chemistry based on a systematic review of scientific publications for the period from 2019 to 2024. E-textbooks on Bilimland, Foxford, Yaklass platforms and the Chemistry mobile application are considered through the collection of information, comparative analysis of electronic resources and the study of user reviews. The analysis of the advantages of e-textbooks shows their significant superiority over traditional printed publications and the importance of integrating e-textbooks into educational practice for modern chemistry education in Kazakhstan. E-textbooks enable interactive learning, quick access to updated information, and allow for individualized learning by tailoring materials to each student’s knowledge level and needs. Challenges such as access to IT technologies, teacher training, and adapting materials to digital platforms were identified. Despite these, the study concludes that e-textbooks can enhance chemistry education by improving learning, student interest, and performance.

The content of the article is aimed at solving the problem of psychological and pedagogical design of the educational process of higher school in the formation of a student as a future teacher with formed professional competences. The relevance of the problem of psychological and pedagogical design is justified on the one hand by modern changes in the educational environment of higher education institution, where cognitive abilities are most fully revealed, and on the other hand by the development of personality of each student as a future educational psychologist. The aim of the research is a future educational psychologist formation in the conditions of the educational process of higher education institution. The research methods are the method of diagnostics of motivation and attitude to professional activity at (Krylova A.V., Ignatkova I.A.), the “Students’professional identity” method (Rodygina U.S.), the method of modelling is applied to build a model of psychological and pedagogical design. The theoretical significance of the results is related to the substantiation of psychological and pedagogical design in the professional formation of students during the period of study in higher education. The practical significance is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of students' professional formation through the implementation of the model of psychological and pedagogical design.

The work of mass media can be oriented toward different scales of audience. While global media aim to shape a worldwide narrative, smaller editorial offices focus on the interests of residents of a specific region, city, or even organization. Accordingly, the operational features of mass media vary significantly on larger and smaller levels. The goal of our study is to identify these differences, determine the reasons behind the established approaches, and propose ready-made solutions for improving the work of local editorial offices. As examples, we will analyze the QYZYLJAR TV channel, whose agenda is aimed at the residents of the North Kazakhstan region, and the PARASAT newspaper, published by M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University for its faculty and students. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that we not only expand theoretical knowledge about the formation of media structures but also offer practical recommendations for strengthening the impact of local media. This work was facilitated by content analysis of materials published by these media outlets and interviews with journalists and editors. The study revealed that local media are highly flexible in responding to the informational needs of their audience. However, a lack of personnel and resources creates certain limitations in their operations. To improve the situation, it is necessary to optimize workflows, including enhancing employee qualifications and expanding engagement with the audience. This research represents a significant contribution to the field of media studies, offering new approaches to analyzing and improving the activities of local media. The findings can be applied by small media outlets to enhance the quality of their content and strengthen their connections with the audience.

The article examines the process of confiscation of the property of the Bais, the causes and features of famine in Northern Kazakhstan on the basis of documents from the North Kazakhstan State Archive and the memoirs of the descendants of the repressed. The fate of North Kazakhstanis in the period 1928-1933 is part of the common tragedy of the people of Kazakhstan during the totalitarian regime. The topic of hunger and collectivization remains relevant, which reveals new aspects at the regional level. The memories of the descendants of the repressed, victims of famine allow us to reveal little-known facts that were not reflected in the documents preserved in the archives. This information became possible for publication as a result of the activities of members of the regional commission for the rehabilitation of victims of mass and political repression. The article concludes that state actions on bread and meat procurement, forced settlement and collectivization led to famine, became a tragedy for the entire population of Kazakhstan.

The article highlights the significance of economic rights and freedoms of individuals within the system of constitutional rights in Kazakhstan, emphasizing their contribution to economic development and social stability. It examines the legal regulation of these rights, their interaction with political, social, and cultural rights, and their impact on improving well-being and trust in state institutions. The analysis underscores the need for a balance between economic activity freedom and state regulation, which fosters democratic development and strengthens the rule of law.

An enhanced method of microclonal propagation of grain legume seeds, including the stages of sterilization of explants of grain legumes (peas, vetch, beans, lentils, chickpeas) their introduction into in vitro conditions, actual propagation and rooting of regenerants is presented in the article. Methods for culturing isolated plant organs, tissues and cells emerged more than half a century ago and have been constantly improved since then. Work in this direction has led to certain achievements in understanding the process of plant development.

 This article is devoted to the production types of first-calf heifers of the Red Steppe breed of different genotypes. The production type is associated with the constitution, exterior features of the animal, which is expressed in its milk productivity. To determine the types, 2 groups of crossbred first-calf heifers were formed: mothers - red steppe, fathers - angler and red estonian breeds. Production types are determined by different methods: according to Startsev, Nichik and Aisanov. These methods do not contradict each other. All animals were classified as dairy and meat type.

In the article the results of field experience on cultivation of different varieties of corn for silage in conditions of Northern Kazakhstan on the basis of «Peterfeld Agro» LLP are considered. The comparative analysis of economic efficiency of cultivation of foreign and domestic hybrids of corn is carried out. The data of weather and soil conditions, applied agrotechnics and economic profitability of each hybrid are given in the article.

This article is devoted to the construction of unique and technically complex buildings and structures, which is associated with increased requirements in the words of for safety and technical and economic risks that require scientific and technical support for these objects. The basis is the well-known laws of geometric and wave optics, as well as the phenomenological theory in the words of the scientist of optical-electrical processes associated with the interaction of a light wave with an optical fiber.

The article discusses methods for restoring valve seats for the “valve-valve seat” connection using the example of the Honda K20A engine. The characteristics of the above connection, the reasons for its wear and the main signs of wear are presented. Specific parameters and recovery indicators are provided, such as grinding angles, width of the contact zone, permissible alignment deviations, as well as quality control methods. In conclusion, recommendations are presented for choosing the most rational restoration method depending on the degree of wear. The article is of a review nature, as a result of research conducted during the master's thesis.

The article presents a comparative analysis of multilevel inverter topologies, emphasizing the number of power components required for each configuration depending on the number of output voltage levels. The most popular topologies are considered, including the diode-clamped multilevel inverter, the flying capacitor inverter, the cascaded H-bridge inverter, and the level-shifted switch topology. It is shown that the level-shifted switch topology requires the minimum number of power components, which reduces implementation costs and makes the design more compact and economically efficient, especially for high voltage levels. The research results may be useful in selecting the optimal multilevel inverter configuration for power consumers that require high-quality output voltage. 

Agriculture commodities are commodities that have a high economic worth and the potential to be developed further. The green and red apple, in instance, is one type of fruit that has the potential to be cultivated as part of agriculture. The apple economy is reasonably steady, particularly with regard to the supply of production to the market. The purpose of this research is to enhance the performance of the CNN-based model and make it capable of precise detection of the green and red apple fruitlet. To enhance the overall performance of the model, the revised CNN-based YOLOv5 ensemble model was implemented with the SiLU (Sigmoid Linear Units activation function), Batch Normalization, and SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) algorithms. The combination of activation function, optimization, batch normalization, and ensemble technique can be later used to enhance the YOLOv5 ensemble model and used to detect the green and red apple fruitlet with the benefits of utilizing limited resources. This is possible thanks to the combination of the activation function, optimization, batch normalization, and ensemble technique. According to the findings of the comprehensive research, the accuracy of the updated yolo ensemble model has climbed into 97.8%, 92.1%, 95% percent of accuracy mAP for green, red and both apples together compared to previous model.

Missing data is a prevalent issue affecting data quality across numerous fields. One frequent challenge arises when data is lost during the input stage. Numerous studies have proposed methods to impute missing values for data across multiple fields. However, certain domains present unique challenges due to the involvement of attributes from multiple scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, and medical which complicates the imputation process. The purpose of this study is to design an application that addresses missing values and maintains accuracy in large datasets, with a focus on minimizing processing time. The application's performance is evaluated based on classification accuracy using various imputation methods. The proposed application outperforms performance compared to current software tools such as against R package, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Stata, and Microsoft Excel. This study helps to improve data quality and contributes to data science by improving the data cleaning procedure, which is a step in the data pre-processing stage.

This study explores the development of decision-making methods for indicative planning within higher education institutions (HEIs). In the context of globalization and digital transformation, the ability to make informed management decisions is crucial for the success of HEIs. The research focuses on creating a system that improves decision quality by employing indicative planning and systemic-cognitive analysis. Indicative planning allows for the systematic organization of decisions by forecasting outcomes and optimizing strategies. Systemiccognitive analysis provides a comprehensive tool for modeling complex decision-making processes, enhancing the transparency and effectiveness of management. The study identifies both strengths and limitations of these methods, suggesting improvements such as the integration of machine learning to enhance adaptability. The proposed approach aims to create a flexible, adaptive decision support system that can rapidly respond to changes in the educational environment, ultimately contributing to more efficient and effective management in HEIs.

The article explores the gap between academic training in software testing and the realities of working in the industry. The results of hypothesis testing are presented in the form of a conversation. Using a dialogue between a student, a professor, and a senior QA specialist as an example, key challenges faced by graduates in transitioning from academic settings to real-world professional activities are discussed. The professor explains that the university’s software testing course is based on systematic principles, covering core testing methodologies and tools. Meanwhile, the experienced QA specialist provides practical examples, emphasizing the importance of adaptability in dynamic work settings, where project requirements often shift in terms of time, budget, and scope. The article focuses on how theory and practice in software testing can complement each other to achieve optimal results, even with limited resources.

This article presents the analysis of the conducted research on the description of the use of types and means of expressing modality to understand the idea and create artistic expression in the story of the English writer Herbert George Wells "The Door in the Wall". A distinctive feature of the work is the creation of a special personal atmosphere of sensations in the narrative for the formation of which the author uses modality. H.G. Wells' short story is one of the best short works in humanitarian and philosophical fiction. The article presents the results of the study of the author's use of subjective modality in this work as a source of textual expressiveness through, among other things, the grammaticalized attitude of the speaker to reality.

Language is a national treasure, a legacy of national heritage from generation to generation, it is important for every person who has devoted his work to teaching. Thirty years have passed since our country flew the flag of sovereignty as an independent state, but the state of the Kazakh language, which secured the status of the state language, undoubtedly worries not only me, but also any sympathizer of the nation. The process of teaching the Russian-speaking audience the state language is conducted within the framework of an appropriate program, starting from school and ending at the university. But we see that many people cannot master this at a basic level. Moreover, such troubles began to appear among our Karakoz descendants as deviation from the literary norm, speech disorders, non-observance of linguistic culture, and succumbing to the influence of another language. How do we explain why? Where do we make a mistake? One of the conclusions of this problem concerns the current process of technological development, the world of media, social networks and the Internet that are associated with it. Undoubtedly, factors such as the enveloping of incomprehensible words, an increase in the number of kalket translations using artificial intelligence, a decrease in the requirements for literary and artistic speech, reduced people's inner feelings and their responsibility. Preservation of linguistic culture, non-violation of the norms of literary language, artistic presentation of pictorial thought remain requirements for the development of the state language.

This article discusses the concept of lexical and semantic groups. In the article, the author analyzed the basic principles of the formation of lexical and semantic groups, their role in lexicography and linguistics, as well as methods for their definition and classification. Practical examples of lexical and semantic groups for the study of linguistic phenomena and categories were considered. The article discusses the prospects for additional study of lexical-semantic groups and their significance in understanding the organization of lexical material in the language. The article will be devoted to teachers and students working with difficulties encountered in the analysis and interpretation of lexical and semantic groups in different language contexts.