МУТАЦИОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЗООНОЗНЫХ РНК-ВИРУСОВ В ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕЗЕРВУАРАХ

Возникновение зоонозных РНК-вирусов представляет критическую угрозу для глобального общественного здравоохранения, при этом около 75% новых инфекционных заболеваний имеют природные резервуары. В то время как глобальные эволюционные тренды хорошо изучены, взаимосвязь между мутационной динамикой вирусов и региональными экологическими факторами (особенно в Центральной Азии) остается недостаточно проработанной, что затрудняет эффективный эпиднадзор в области биобезопасности. Данный обзор составлен согласно руководству PRISMA и объединяет молекулярно-генетические данные из баз PubMed, Web of Science и Scopus для анализа мутационной пластичности РНК-вирусов и их циркуляции в природных резервуарах. Наш анализ характеризует молекулярные факторы преодоления межвидовых барьеров и демонстрирует, что уникальный биогеографический ландшафт Казахстана выступает катализатором регионально-специфичной эволюции вирусов. Мы приходим к выводу, что интеграция концепции «Единого здоровья» (One Health) с метагеномным мониторингом является необходимой мерой для снижения будущих зоонозных рисков в регионе.

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