koz"Вестник Северо-Казахстанского университета имени Манаша Козыбаева"Bulletin of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University2958-003X2958-0048М. Қозыбаев атындағы СҚУ10.54596/2958-0048-2026-3-45-57koz-2666Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИBIOLOGICAL SCIENCESМУТАЦИОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЗООНОЗНЫХ РНК-ВИРУСОВ В ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕЗЕРВУАРАХMUTATIONAL DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTION OF ZOONOTIC RNA VIRUSES IN NATURAL RESERVOIRShttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4579-3847ИкрамкуловаФ. Р.IkramkulovaF. R.

Алматы

corresponding author, master’s student, junior researcher

Almaty

fariza.ikramkulovaa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-0111МәлікА. М.MalikA. M.

Алматы

PhD, Leading Researcher

Almaty

azhar.malikkyzy@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-2256АбдулжановаМ. А.AbdulzhanovaM. A.

Алматы

PhD, senior lecturer

Almaty

malika.abdulzhanova@kaznu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-3826КирпиченкоВ. В.KirpichenkoV. V.

Алматы

candidate of veterinary sciences, biosafety officer

Almaty

vlad_92reik@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-1887АқшаловаП. Б.AkshalovaP. B.

Алматы

candidate of veterinary sciences, senior researcher

Almaty

Peri.akshalova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9568-0208КасенА. Ж.KassenA. Zh.

Алматы

PhD student, junior researcher

Almaty

dilek.inwincible@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-5621НурпейсоваА. С.NurpeisovaA. S.

Алматы

PhD, Deputy General Director for production development and commercialization of scientific research

Almaty

ainurnurpeisova@mail.ruКазахский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт; Казахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-ФарабиКазахстанKazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute; Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanКазахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanКазахский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институтКазахстанKazakh Scientific Research Veterinary InstituteKazakhstan20263009202603 (71)4557Copyright © Икрамкулова Ф.Р., Мәлік А.М., Абдулжанова М.А., Кирпиченко В.В., Ақшалова П.Б., Касен А.Ж., Нурпейсова А.С., 20262026Икрамкулова Ф.Р., Мәлік А.М., Абдулжанова М.А., Кирпиченко В.В., Ақшалова П.Б., Касен А.Ж., Нурпейсова А.С.Ikramkulova F.R., Malik A.M., Abdulzhanova M.A., Kirpichenko V.V., Akshalova P.B., Kassen A.Z., Nurpeisova A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.ku.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2666

Возникновение зоонозных РНК-вирусов представляет критическую угрозу для глобального общественного здравоохранения, при этом около 75% новых инфекционных заболеваний имеют природные резервуары. В то время как глобальные эволюционные тренды хорошо изучены, взаимосвязь между мутационной динамикой вирусов и региональными экологическими факторами (особенно в Центральной Азии) остается недостаточно проработанной, что затрудняет эффективный эпиднадзор в области биобезопасности. Данный обзор составлен согласно руководству PRISMA и объединяет молекулярно-генетические данные из баз PubMed, Web of Science и Scopus для анализа мутационной пластичности РНК-вирусов и их циркуляции в природных резервуарах. Наш анализ характеризует молекулярные факторы преодоления межвидовых барьеров и демонстрирует, что уникальный биогеографический ландшафт Казахстана выступает катализатором регионально-специфичной эволюции вирусов. Мы приходим к выводу, что интеграция концепции «Единого здоровья» (One Health) с метагеномным мониторингом является необходимой мерой для снижения будущих зоонозных рисков в регионе.

The emergence of zoonotic RNA viruses poses a critical threat to global public health, with approximately 75% of new infectious diseases originating from animal reservoirs. While global evolutionary trends are well- documented, the intersection of viral mutational dynamics and regional ecological factors - particularly in Central Asia remains insufficiently integrated, hindering effective biosafety surveillance. This review follows the PRISMA guidelines, synthesizing molecular-genetic data from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to analyze the mutational plasticity of RNA viruses and their circulation in natural reservoirs. Our analysis characterizes the molecular drivers of interspecies barriers and demonstrates that Kazakhstan’s unique biogeographic landscape acts as a catalyst for region-specific viral evolution. We conclude that integrating «One Health» frameworks with metagenomic surveillance is essential to mitigate future zoonotic risks in the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.