PURE WHITE WATER LILY (NYMPHAEA CANDIDA J.PRESL & C.PRESL) AS ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS OF THE STATE NATIONAL NATURAL PARK "KOKSHETAU" (NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN)

The analysis of scientific data on biological characteristics, stages of development, chemical properties of individual organs (leaves, roots, flowers, etc.), biological activity of compounds isolated from the pure white water lily (Nymphaea candida J.Presl & C.Presl). The possibilities of practical use of plant raw materials for medicinal purposes are shown. The places of growth of the species in Kazakhstan are reflected both according to herbarium samples and according to the materials of their own research. As a result of the surveys, the growth places of N. candida were found on the territory of the State National Natural park "Kokshetau" (Northern Kazakhstan). They are reservoirs - the Omir Suiy waterfall of the Ormandy Bulak branch and the Uvarovo urochishche of the Nizhne-Burluk forestry district of the Arykbalyk branch. The population area does not exceed 0.2 ha for each reservoir. The phytocenotic role of the species as an important component of the aquatic ecosystems of the region is shown and suggestions for its conservation are given.

1. Nowak A., Nobis M., Dajdok Z., Zalewska-Gałosz J., Nowak S., Nobis A., Czerniawska-Kusza I., Kozak M., Stebel A., Bula R., Sugier P., Szlachetka A., Bena W., Trojecka A., Piwowarczyk R., Adamiec A., Krawczyk R. Revision of Nymphaea candida range - new data on the distribution and habitat preferences of the species in southern Poland. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 79(4), 333-350 (2010). DOI:10.5586/asbp.2010.041.

2. Красная книга Казахстана. Изд. 2-е, переработанное и дополненное. Т. 2: Растения (колл. авт.). - Астана: ТОО «Арт Print XXI», 2014. - 452 с.

3. Nymphaea candida J. Presl & C. Presl. Плантариум. Растения и лишайники России и сопредельных стран: открытый онлайн атлас и определитель растений. - [Электронный ресурс] - URL: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/25196.html/ (дата обращения: 02.11.2022).

4. Флора Казахстана. Т. 4. - Алма-Ата: Издательство Академии наук Казахской ССР, 1961. – 548 с.

5. Klimenko E. Anatomy of floating and submerged leaves of heterophyllous plant of Nymphaea candida L. Modern Phytomorphology, 6, 327–330. (2014). DOI:10.5281/zenodo.160793.

6. Timonin A.C. Structure of intercellular airspace in the lamina of floating leaves of Nymphaea candida C.Presl (Nymphaeaceae): bizarre combination of homobaric and heterobaric types. Wulfenia. 24, 267-274 (2017).

7. Velde van der G. Developmental stages in the floral biology s. l. of dutch Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaea alba L., Nymphaea candida Presl, Numphar lutea (L.) Sm.). Acta Botanica Neerlandica. 35(2), 111-113 (1986). DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1986.tb00467.x.

8. Wiersema H.J. Reproductive biology of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 75(3), 796-804 (1988). DOI:10.2307/2399367.

9. Волкова П.А., Сонина С.И., Шипунов А.Б. Особенности поведения цветков кувшинки чисто-белой (Nymphaea candida Presl.) на оз. Молдино (Тверская область) // Бюллетень Московского общества испытателей природы. Отдел Биологический. - 2002. - Т. 107. № 5. - С. 57-63.

10. Волкова П.А., Пескова Е.Ю., Шипунов А.Б. Поведение цветков кувшинки Nymphaea candida при разных фоторежимах // Бюллетень Московского общества испытателей природы. Отдел биологический. - 2008. - Т. 113. № 2. - С. 62-67.

11. Растительные ресурсы СССР. Цветковые растения, их химический состав, использование; Семейства Magnoliaceae - Limoniaceae. - Ленинград: Наука, 1984. – 460 с.

12. Zhao J., Liu T., Ma L., Yan M., Gu Z.Y., Huang Y., Xu F., Zhao Y. Antioxidant and preventive effects of extract from Nymphaea candida flower on in vitro immunological liver injury of rat primary hepatocyte cultures. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011, 1-8 (2011). DOI:10.1093/ecam/nep003.

13. Zhang S., You S.P., Liu T., Zhao J., Teng-Fei J., Xu F. Preventive effects of total flavonoids from Nymphaea candida on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in mice. Natural Product Research and Development. 28(12), 2017-2020 (2016). DOI:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2016.12.029.

14. Maierdan T., Liu T., Li C.Y., Chen Y., Xu F., Zhao J. Preventive effect of isostrictiniin from Nymphaea candida on acute liver induced by CCl4 in mice and its antioxidant activities in vitro. Journal of Xi njiang Medical University. 41(3), 321-325 (2018). DOI:10.1080/14786419.2022.2065673.

15. Zhao J., Maierdan T., Ji F., Liu T., Xu F. Hepatoprotective activity of isostrictiniin from Nymphaea candida on Con A-induced acute liver injury in mice. Natural Product Research. 35(10), 1662-1666 (2021). DOI:10.1080/14786419.2019.1622105.

16. Dong H.-J., Guo Y., Liu T., Zhao J. Preventive effect of isostrictiniin from Nymphaea candida on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Natural Product Research. online (2022). DOI:10.1080/14786419.2022.2065673.

17. Liu R.-N., Wang W., Ding Y., Xie W.-D., Ma C., Du L.-J. A new flavonol glycoside and activity of compounds from the flower of Nymphaea candida. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 9(4), 333- 338 (2007). DOI:10.1080/10286020600727665.

18. Zhao J., Yan M., He J.H., Huang Y., Zhao Y. Flavonol glycosides from the flowers of Nymphaea candida. Chin. JMAP. 25, 115-117 (2008).

19. Zhao J., Zhang S., You S., Liu T., Xu F., Ji T., Gu Z. Hepatoprotective effects of nicotiflorin from Nymphaea candida against Concanavalin A-induced and D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18(3), 587 (2017). DOI:10.3390/ijms18030587.

20. Серегин А.П. (ред.) Цифровой гербарий МГУ: Электронный ресурс. – М.: МГУ, 2022. – Режим доступа: https://plant.depo.msu.ru/ (дата обращения 01.11.2022).

21. Горбунов П. Nymphaea candida J. Presl & C. Presl (семейство Nymphaeaceae) - Кувшинка чисто-белая. - [Электронный ресурс] - URL:https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/662023.html/ (дата обращения 04.11.2022).

22. Куприянов А.Н. Конспект флоры Казахского мелкосопочника. – Новосибирск: Гео, 2020. – 423 с. DOI:10.21782/B978-5-6043021-8-7.

23. Дубына Д.В. Кувшинковые Украины. – Киев: Наукова Думка, 1982. – 232 с.