THE PRIMARY PROCESSES OF SOIL FORMATION IN TECHNOGENICALLY DISTURBED TERRAINS OF KOKZHON PHOSPHORITE DEPOSIT

Research works on primary processes were conducted on soil dumps of phosphorite deposit Kokzhon. Vast areas of disturbed land, devoid of vegetation are the main area of carbon emissions, leading to increasing global changes in the biosphere. Studying of the process of soil formation on natural areas overgrown fields in Kokzhon dumps showed that the bulk of the territory of the dump is occupied by initial embryosoils. So, on the deposit dumps restoration of vegetation and soil surface stopped at the first stage. This is primarily due to the arid conditions of this area, in the second – unfavorable soil – forming properties of the substrate (high density and rocky character). Restoration of properties of initial biological soils showed that natural growth of plants on dumps is difficult and is represented by poor species composition. Micromezofauna is represented by collembolan from the kind Isotoma, Onychiurus, Hypogastrura and hard ticks (Oribatea) kind Zygoribatula in small quantities and samples. On the site were found the representatives of macrofauna such as bugs – soldiers – (Hemiptera), they are found often in large clusters. Among filamentous fungi the predominant species are – Penicillius, Aspergillius. The highest quantity of bacteria, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi were observed in the layer of 0 – 5 cm, in depth (5 – 10 cm), their number decreased regularly.

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