THE ROLE OF GREEN MANURE MIXTURES AND THEIR INCORPORATION METHODS IN THE FORMATION OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

Green manure crops and their mixtures are an important component of resource-saving agricultural technologies aimed at increasing soil fertility and improving soil biological conditions. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of legume-cereal, legume-oilseed, and cereal-oilseed green manure mixtures, under different incorporation methods, on soil fertility and health, compared to conventional and chemical fallow. To assess the biological condition of the soil, indicators of the soil microbiota (species and numerical composition of various ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms) were used. This article presents the results of an assessment of the microbial community in fallow fields using various green manure mixtures (peas + oats, oats + mustard, peas + mustard) and different incorporation methods during the 2024–2025 period. It was found that increased activity of soil bacteria was observed in 2024 in the soil under crops of the green manure mixtures peas + oats and peas + mustard. In 2025, a decrease in the amount of ammonia-producing and nitrogen-assimilating microorganisms was observed, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of fungal microflora in separate variants. More stable soil microbiota parameters were observed in the variants with mowing and plowing of the pea-oat mixture. It has been shown that the use of green manure mixtures contributes to the stabilization of the soil’s microbiological condition and the optimization of nitrogen transformation processes under conditions of interannual variability in climatic factors (precipitation and temperature). A comparative analysis was conducted of the effects of green manure mixtures with different botanical compositions and fallow predecessors on soil biological activity and organic matter decomposition processes. The use of green manure mixtures has a positive effect on the development of the soil microbial community compared to fallow and chemical fallow, indicating the potential of this agricultural practice to improve soil biological conditions. The results obtained expand our understanding of the role of green manure mixtures in regulating soil biological processes and can be used in the development of adaptive farming systems (soil-conserving, resource-saving, and biologically oriented).

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