For citations:

Abuov N.A., Beissembina A.B. THE BAI AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN: A RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON ARCHIVAL MATERIALS OF THE 1920S. Bulletin of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University. 2026;(2 (70)):179-190. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.54596/2958-0048-2026-2-179-190