Stages of flowering of Fabaceae plants in the North Kazakhstan region

This paper examines the flowering characteristics of leguminous plants (Fabaceae) distributed in the North Kazakhstan region. Legumes represent one of the most important groups of the regional flora, playing a key role both in natural ecosystems and in agriculture. The study of their phenological traits is essential for assessing biological productivity, adaptive capacities, and resilience to climate change.

Field observations revealed that the duration and intensity of flowering varied depending on weather conditions, morphological traits, and species-specific differences. The main ecological determinants were air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture. Flowering occurred more rapidly and synchronously under warm and dry conditions, while cloudy and rainy periods prolonged and slowed down the process.

A comparative analysis of cultivated and wild species was also conducted. Early-maturing species showed shorter but simultaneous flowering, whereas late-maturing forms were characterized by prolonged and more uniform flowering. The peak of mass flowering was recorded in June-July, coinciding with the most favorable vegetative period.

The results highlight the high ecological plasticity of Fabaceae representatives, their ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions, and their significance for maintaining regional biodiversity. These findings may be applied in grassland management, forage production, and agricultural planning.

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