Pollen as an indicator of new belligerative landscapes and a factor of polemostress

The analysis of qualitative and quantitative palynological characteristics in the conditions of anthropogenically changed landscapes of Donbass is given for the indicator species: Erigeron canadensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh.) Dunal and Achillea millefolium L. It is established that in the gradient of increasing transforming load, geochemical indicators change, and in the aspect of male gametophyte, significant structural and functional rearrangements occur - this is considered as an indicator property of plants and a response to factors of neo-specific stress caused by the high level of militarization in the Donetsk region. The characteristics of sculpture and ornamentation of the surface of a mature pollen grain, the intensity of coloring and the integrity of the exine have high diagnostic information content of the polemostress factor. The selected plant species have different survival strategies in unfavourable conditions of geochemical and geophysical contrast: from high explerence to integumentary of the disturbed soil horizon.

1. Vasilevskaya N. Pollution of the environment and pollen: A review // Stresses. - 2022. - Vol. 2, No. 4. - P. 515-530. - https://doi.org/10.3390/stresses2040035

2. Florenzano A., Clo E., Servera-Vives G., Mercuri A. M. Palynology for sustainability: A classical and versatile tool for new challenges: editorial // Sustainability. - 2025. - Vol. 17, No. 5. - P. 1938. - https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051938

3. Bahadur S., Butt M.A., Long W., Begum N., Ali M., Ahmad M. Heteromorphy in pollen grains of the tropical and subtropical selected Fabaceae species // Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - 2024. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02260-4

4. Mirnenko N.S. Pollen viability of some woody plants species in Donetsk agglomeration // Lesnoy vestnik / Forestry Bulletin. - 2022, Vol. 26, No. 6. - Р. 55-61. https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-6-55-61

5. Kornienko V., Reuckaya V., Shkirenko A., Meskhi B., Olshevskaya A., Odabashyan M., Shevchenko V, Teplyakova S. Silvicultural and ecological characteristics of populus bolleana lauche as a key introduced species in the urban dendroflora of industrial cities // Plants. - 2025. - Vol. 14, No. 13. - https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14132052

6. Kornienko V, Shkirenko A., Reuckaya V, Meskhi B., Dzhedirov D., Olshevskaya A., Odabashyan M., Shevchenko V., Mangasarian D., Kulikova N. Taxus baccata L. under changing climate conditions in the steppe zone of the East European Plain // Plants. - 2025. - Vol. 14, No. 13. - https://doi.org/10.3390/plants 14131970

7. Yeprintsev S., Kurolap S., Klepikov O., Vinogradov P. Remote monitoring of factors determining the environmental safety of urban areas // E3S Web of Conferences. - 2023. - Vol. 389. - P. 03030. - https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903030

8. Safonov A.I. A review of phytological assessment of anthropogenic ecotopes in Donbass: a review // Theoretical and Applied Ecology. - 2025. - No. 2. - Р. 16-29. - https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-016-029

9. Zinicovscaia I.I., Safonov A.I., Yushin N.S., Nespirnyi V.N., Germonova E.A. Phytomonitoring in Donbass for identifying new geochemical anomalies // Russian Journal of General Chemistry. - 2024. - Vol. 94, No. 13. - P. 3472-3482. - https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363224130048

10. Zinicovscaia I., Safonov A., Kravtsova A., Chaligava O., Germonova E. Neutron activation analysis of rare earth elements (Sc, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb) in the diagnosis of ecosystems of Donbass // Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters. - 2024. - Vol. 21, No. 2. - P. 186-200. - https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477124020158

11. Chufitskiy S., Romanchuk S., Meskhi B., Olshevskaya A., Shevchenko V, Odabashyan M., Teplyakova S., Vershinina A., Savenkov D. Assessment of surface water quality in the Krynka River basin using fluorescence spectroscopy methods // Plants. - 2025. - Vol. 14, No. 13. - https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14132014

12. Mirnenko E.I. Content composition and dynamics of photosynthetic pigments in the reservoirs of the Kalmius River of the Donetsk People's Republic // Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin. - 2024. - Vol. 79, No. 4. - P. 267-273. - https://doi.org/10.3103/S009639252560022X

13. Yeprintsev S., Kurolap S., Klepikov O., Shekoyan S. Assessment of the impact of technogenic air pollution on the social processes of large urbanized regions // E3S Web of Conferences. - 2020. - Vol. 215. - P. 03009. - https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021503009