Biotechnological approaches to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Sanitation and selection in Kazakhstan and Eurasia

Potato remains one of the strategically important agricultural crops contributing significantly to the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, the lack of a nationwide system for the large-scale production of virus-free seed material limits yield potential, resistance to phytopathogens, and the competitiveness of domestic potato production. This article provides an overview of modern biotechnological approaches to potato sanitation, including apical meristem culture, in vitro microclonal propagation, thermotherapy, molecular diagnostics, and marker-assisted selection. The study examines regional practices implemented in Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and China. Particular attention is given to successful projects conducted by local universities and agroenterprises in Kazakhstan. A comparative table is presented to assess the effectiveness of various virus-elimination methods. The paper also outlines prospects for the development of a national virus-free seed production system, with emphasis on leveraging the scientific and innovative capacity of the agricultural sector.

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