koz"Вестник Северо-Казахстанского университета имени Манаша Козыбаева"Bulletin of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University2958-003X2958-0048М. Қозыбаев атындағы СҚУ10.54596/2309-6977-2022-2-110-118koz-772Research ArticleСЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИAGRICULTURAL SCIENCESГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА МУТАЦИОННЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИХ В ФОРМООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПШЕНИЦЫTHE GENETIC NATURE OF MUTATIONAL CHANGES ARISING IN THE FORM-FORMATION PROCESS OF WHEATЧунетоваЖ. Ж.ChunetovaZh. Zh.

Алматы

Almaty

chunetova.zhanar@kaznu.kzЖунусбаеваЖ.ZhunusbaevaZh.

Алматы

Almaty

СадуакасоваЖ. Г.SaduakasovaZh. G.

Алматы

Almaty

ИскаковаД.IskakovaD.

Алматы

Almaty

РискуловА.RiskulovA.

Алматы

Almaty

Казахский национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan20220807202202 (54)110118Copyright © Чунетова Ж.Ж., Жунусбаева Ж., Садуакасова Ж.Г., Искакова Д., Рискулов А., 20222022Чунетова Ж.Ж., Жунусбаева Ж., Садуакасова Ж.Г., Искакова Д., Рискулов А.Chunetova Z.Z., Zhunusbaeva Z., Saduakasova Z.G., Iskakova D., Riskulov A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.ku.edu.kz/jour/article/view/772

Повышение урожайности пшеницы путем улучшения ее генотипа является одной из актуальнейших проблем сельского хозяйства и народного хозяйства. В настоящее время использование традиционны х методов селекции и результатов генетических исследований, таких как проведение насыщающих скрещиваний, дистанционная гибридизация и экспериментальный мутагенез, повышает эффективность получения генетически модифицированных и обогащенных форм пшеницы. В полевых и контролируемых лабораторных условиях изучено влияние ПАВ на наследуемые признаки 10 сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы. После обработки семян пшеницы водным раствором ПАВ (0,1%) наблюдались наследственные изменения, проявляющиеся в появлении в М1, М2, F2 и ВС1 высокорослых, мощных растений с продуктивной кустистостью и различными морфологическими признаками, отличающимися из исходных сортов. Действие ПАВ проявляется на морфологических признаках растений: кустистость, курчавость стебля, антоциановая окраска. В процессе мейоза наблюдали веретено деления метафазной пластинки, слияние хромосом в ИМ, наличие пустых (стерильных) клеток в мейозе АИ и АII. Признаки измененных форм стабильно передаются в поколении М2.

Increasing the yield of wheat by improving its genotype is one of the most pressing problems of agriculture and the economy. Currently, the usage of traditional breeding methods and the results of genetic investigations, such as conduction of saturating crosses, remote hybridization and experimental mutagenesis, increases the efficiency of producing genetically modified and enriched forms of wheat. In field and under controlled laboratory conditions, the effect of a surfactant on the heritable characteristics of 10 varieties of spring soft wheat was studied. After processing of wheat seeds with an aqueous surfactant solution (0.1%), we could observe the inherited changes, which are manifested in the appearance in M1, M2, F2 and BC1 of tall, potent plants with productive bushiness and various morphological characteristics that differ from the original varieties. The effect of surfactants is manifested on the morphological features of plants: bushiness, crankiness of the stem, anthocyanin stain color. During the process of meiosis, the spindle of the division of the metaphase plate, the coalescence of chr omosomes in MI, and the presence of empty (sterile) cells in AI and AII meiosis were observed. The signs of altered forms are stably transmitted in the M2 generation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.