koz"Вестник Северо-Казахстанского университета имени Манаша Козыбаева"Bulletin of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University2958-003X2958-0048М. Қозыбаев атындағы СҚУ10.54596/2958-0048-2026-3-35-44koz-2828Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИBIOLOGICAL SCIENCESСОЗДАНИЕ МУТАНТНЫХ ФОРМ AGRIOPHYLLUM SQUARROSUM (L.) MOQ. С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ EMS-МУТАГЕНЕЗА ДЛЯ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ В ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ РЕГИОНАХDEVELOPMENT OF MUTANT FORMS OF AGRIOPHYLLUM SQUARROSUM (L.) MOQ. VIA EMS MUTAGENESIS FOR DOMESTICATION IN ARID ENVIRONMENTShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-507XАбугалиеваС. И.AbugalievaS. A.

Алматы

Doctor of biological science, Professor, Principal Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Almaty

absaule17@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-1745ТуруспековЕ. К.TuruspekovY. K.

Алматы

Candidate of biological science, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Almaty

absaule17@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-5753ЗатыбековА. К.ZatybekovA. K.

Алматы

corresponding author, PhD, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Almaty

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5987-2952ГениевскаяЮ. А.GenievskayaY. A.

Алматы

PhD, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Almaty

iulia.genievskaya@gmail.comЛаборатория молекулярной генетики, Институт биологии и биотехнологии растенийКазахстанLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyKazakhstanРГП на ПХВ Институт биологии и биотехнологии растений КН МНВО РККазахстанLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyKazakhstan20263009202603 (71)3544Copyright © Абугалиева С.И., Туруспеков Е.К., Затыбеков А.К., Гениевская Ю.А., 20262026Абугалиева С.И., Туруспеков Е.К., Затыбеков А.К., Гениевская Ю.А.Abugalieva S.A., Turuspekov Y.K., Zatybekov A.K., Genievskaya Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.ku.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2828

Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. - засухоустойчивый псаммофитный вид с высоким потенциалом доместикации в аридных регионах; однако его сельскохозяйственное использование ограничено неблагоприятными признаками, такими как малый размер семян и нестабильная семенная продуктивность. Целью настоящего исследования являлась разработка эффективного метода индукции генетической изменчивости с использованием этилметансульфоната (EMS), а также оценка полученных мутантных форм. Семена обрабатывали 0,3% раствором EMS в течение 18 ч с последующей промывкой, сушкой и выращиванием в контролируемых и полевых условиях. Фенотипическую оценку проводили во втором поколении (M2). Обработка EMS привела к формированию жизнеспособных мутантных популяций с повышенным уровнем фенотипического разнообразия. По сравнению с растениями дикого типа мутанты отличались существенно большей шириной куста и заметным улучшением размеров семян. Наиболее выраженные различия были отмечены по ширине, длине и округлости семян. Длина семян возросла с 2,4 до 2,8 мм, ширина - с 1,8 до 2,0 мм, а масса 1000 семян - с 1,83 до 2,17 г. Также была выявлена морфологическая вариабельность по признакам архитектуры растений и листьев. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что EMS-мутагенез является эффективным инструментом расширения генетического разнообразия A. squarrosum. Выделенные мутантные формы представляют собой перспективный исходный материал для дальнейшей селекции и подтверждают потенциал доместикации данного вида для возделывания в аридных условиях.

Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. is a drought-tolerant psammophytic species with high potential for domestication in arid regions; however, its agricultural use is limited by unfavorable traits such as small seed size and unstable productivity. This study aimed to develop an effective method for inducing genetic variability using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and to evaluate resulting mutant forms. Seeds were treated with 0.3% EMS for 18 h, followed by washing, drying, and cultivation under controlled and field conditions. Phenotypic assessment was conducted in the M2 generation. EMS treatment resulted in viable mutant populations with increased phenotypic diversity. Compared to wild forms, mutant lines showed significant increases in plant height and bush width. Seed traits were improved: seed length increased from 2.4 to 2.8 mm, seed width from 1.8 to 2.0 mm, and thousand seed weight from 1.83 to 2.17 g. Morphological variation was also observed in plant architecture and leaf traits. The results confirm that EMS mutagenesis is an effective tool for expanding genetic diversity in A. squarrosum. The identified mutant forms represent promising material for further selection and support the potential domestication of this species for cultivation in arid environments.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.