koz"Вестник Северо-Казахстанского университета имени Манаша Козыбаева"Bulletin of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University2958-003X2958-0048М. Қозыбаев атындағы СҚУkoz-279Research ArticleЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИNATURAL SCIENCESПЕРВИЧНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ ПОЧВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ТЕХНОГЕННО – НАРУШЕННЫХ ЛАНДШАФТАХ ФОСФОРИТОВОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ КОКДЖОНTHE PRIMARY PROCESSES OF SOIL FORMATION IN TECHNOGENICALLY DISTURBED TERRAINS OF KOKZHON PHOSPHORITE DEPOSITТоқтарМ.ToktarM.

Петропавловск

Petropavlovsk

Ло ПапаГ.Lo PapaG.

Петропавловск

Petropavlovsk

ШаяхметоваА. С.ShayakhmetovaA. S.

Петропавловск

Petropavlovsk

ДаззиС.DazziC.КозыбаеваФ. Е.KozybayevaF. E.

Алматы

Almaty

СКГУ имени М. КозыбаеваКазахстанNKSU named after M. KozybaevKazakhstanУниверситет ПалермоИталияUniversitу di PalermoItalyКазахский научно – исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. УспановаКазахстанKazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry U. UspanovKazakhstan20191508202102 (43)721Copyright © Тоқтар М., Ло Папа Г., Шаяхметова А.С., Даззи С., Козыбаева Ф.Е., 20212021Тоқтар М., Ло Папа Г., Шаяхметова А.С., Даззи С., Козыбаева Ф.Е.Toktar M., Lo Papa G., Shayakhmetova A.S., Dazzi C., Kozybayeva F.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.ku.edu.kz/jour/article/view/279

Исследования по изучению первичных процессов почвообразования проводились на отвалах фосфоритового месторождения Кокджон. Огромные территории нарушенных земель, лишенные растительного покрова, являются основной зоной выброса углерода в атмосферу, что приводит к увеличению глобальных изменений в биосфере. Изучение процесса почвообразования на естественно зарастающих участках отвалов месторождений Кокджон показали, что основную часть территории отвала занимают инициальные эмбриоземы. Так, на отвалах месторождения восстановление растительности и почвенного покрова остановилось на первой стадии. Это обусловлено в первую очередь засушливыми условиями данной территории, во вторую очередь неблагоприятными свойствами почвообразующего субстрата (высокая плотность и каменистость). Восстановление биологических свойст инициальных почв показала, что естественное освоение отвалов растениями затрулднено и представлено бедным видовым составом. Микромезофауна представлена коллемболами из родов Isotoma, Onychiurus, Hypogastrura и панцирными клещами (Oribatea) род Zygoribatula в малых количествах и экземплярах. На участке из представителей мезофауны встречаются клопы – солдатики – (Hemiptera), они собираются часто большими скоплениями. Среди мицелиальных грибов преобладали виды – Penicillius, Aspergillius. Наиболее высокие значения численности бактерий, актиномицетов и мицелиальных грибов отмечены в слое 0 – 5 см, с глубиной (5 – 10 см) их количество закономерно снижается.

Research works on primary processes were conducted on soil dumps of phosphorite deposit Kokzhon. Vast areas of disturbed land, devoid of vegetation are the main area of carbon emissions, leading to increasing global changes in the biosphere. Studying of the process of soil formation on natural areas overgrown fields in Kokzhon dumps showed that the bulk of the territory of the dump is occupied by initial embryosoils. So, on the deposit dumps restoration of vegetation and soil surface stopped at the first stage. This is primarily due to the arid conditions of this area, in the second – unfavorable soil – forming properties of the substrate (high density and rocky character). Restoration of properties of initial biological soils showed that natural growth of plants on dumps is difficult and is represented by poor species composition. Micromezofauna is represented by collembolan from the kind Isotoma, Onychiurus, Hypogastrura and hard ticks (Oribatea) kind Zygoribatula in small quantities and samples. On the site were found the representatives of macrofauna such as bugs – soldiers – (Hemiptera), they are found often in large clusters. Among filamentous fungi the predominant species are – Penicillius, Aspergillius. The highest quantity of bacteria, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi were observed in the layer of 0 – 5 cm, in depth (5 – 10 cm), their number decreased regularly.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.