koz"Вестник Северо-Казахстанского университета имени Манаша Козыбаева"Bulletin of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University2958-003X2958-0048М. Қозыбаев атындағы СҚУ10.54596/2958-0048-2026-2-235-245koz-2647Research ArticleСЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИAGRICULTURAL SCIENCESРАЗРАБОТКА И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ КОРМОВЫХ АГРОФИТОЦЕНОЗОВ ДЛЯ ПАСТБИЩ В ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЕ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНАDEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FEED AGROPHYTOCENOSES FOR PASTURES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTANhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-3823ТемирбулатоваА. К.TemirbulatovaA. K.

старший преподаватель

Петропавловск

Master of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Researcher, Department of Agronomy and Forestry

Petropavlovsk

akerke_007@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-4607УсеиновА. А.UseinovA. A.

старший преподаватель

Петропавловск

Master of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Researcher, Department of Agronomy and Forestry

Petropavlovsk

aza8mat@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-9906КармановР. М.KarmanovR. M.

старший преподаватель

Петропавловск

Master of Agricultural Sciences, Lecturer, Department of Agronomy and Forestry

Petropavlovsk

rizabekkarmanov@mail.ruНАО «Северо-Казахстанский университет имени Манаша Козыбаева»КазахстанManash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University NPLCKazakhstan20260907202602 (70)235245Copyright © Темирбулатова А.К., Усеинов А.А., Карманов Р.М., 20262026Темирбулатова А.К., Усеинов А.А., Карманов Р.М.Temirbulatova A.K., Useinov A.A., Karmanov R.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.ku.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2647

Создание устойчивой кормовой базы является одним из ключевых факторов развития животноводства в условиях Северного Казахстана. В лесостепной зоне региона естественные пастбища характеризуются низкой продуктивностью вследствие деградации травостоя, недостаточного содержания ценных кормовых видов и нерационального использования угодий. Цель исследования заключалась в оценке продуктивности и кормовой ценности различных кормовых агрофитоценозов из многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав для сенокосного и пастбищного использования. Исследования проводились в 2024–2025 гг. на производственных полях ТОО «Сервис-ЖАРС» в Кызылжарском районе Северо-Казахстанской области. В опыте изучали девять вариантов агрофитоценозов, включающих одновидовые посевы и многокомпонентные травосмеси. Учитывались показатели высоты растений, густоты стояния, урожайности зелёной и сухой массы, а также питательной ценности кормов. Установлено, что наибольшей продуктивностью характеризовались бобово-злаковые агрофитоценозы. Максимальный урожай зелёной массы на втором году жизни сформировала травосмесь «Грин Лайн Альфа Протеин» (Люцерна синяя синяя 75% + овсяница тростниковая 25%) – 191,2 ц/га зелёной и 49,3 ц/га сухой массы, что в 4,4 раза превышало показатели естественного пастбища. Высокие результаты также получены у травосмесей «Райграс многоукосный + Люцерна синяя» и «Эспарцет песчаный + фестулолиум + Тимофеевка луговая». Полученные данные подтверждают перспективность использования бобово-злаковых агрофитоценозов для повышения продуктивности пастбищ и укрепления кормовой базы животноводства Северного Казахстана.

The development of a sustainable forage base is one of the key factors for livestock production in Northern Kazakhstan. In the forest-steppe zone of the region, natural pastures are characterized by low productivity due to grassland degradation, insufficient presence of valuable forage species, and irrational land use practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity and forage value of various forage agrophytocenoses composed of perennial legume and grass species intended for haymaking and pasture use. Field experiments were conducted during 2024–2025 on the production fields of “Service-ZHARS” LLP located in the Kyzylzhar district of the North Kazakhstan region. Nine agrophytocenosis variants, including monocultures and multi-component grass mixtures, were studied. Plant height, stand density, green and dry biomass yield, and forage nutritional value were assessed.  The results showed that legume-grass agrophytocenoses demonstrated the highest productivity. The “Green Line Alpha Protein” mixture (75% alfalfa Medicago sativa L. + 25% tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) produced the highest yield in the second year of growth, reaching 191.2 c/ha of green biomass and 49.3 c/ha of dry matter, which was 4.4 times higher than that of the natural pasture control. High productivity was also recorded for the mixtures “Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)” and “sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) + festulolium + timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.)”. The obtained results confirm the prospects of using legume-grass agrophytocenoses to improve pasture productivity and strengthen the forage base of livestock farming in Northern Kazakhstan.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.